Parameter Name	Parameter Value	Description
_4031_dump_bitvec	67194879	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	300	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	100	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	3600	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	10	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_NUMA_instance_mapping	Not specified	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	Not specified	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	FALSE	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
__db_cache_size	58720256	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__dg_broker_service_names	pdb10_XPT	service names for broker use
__java_pool_size	4194304	Actual size in bytes of java pool
__large_pool_size	4194304	Actual size in bytes of large pool
__shared_pool_size	96468992	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
__streams_pool_size	0	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
_abort_recovery_on_join	FALSE	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_accept_versions		List of parameters for rolling operation
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	TRUE	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	TRUE	add stale mv to dependency list
_addm_auto_enable	TRUE	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules		comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	TRUE	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adjust_literal_replacement	FALSE	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_affinity_on	TRUE	enable/disable affinity at run time
_aiowait_timeouts	100	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	604800	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	1	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	1	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	1	Enable Background Alert Posting
_all_shared_dblinks		treat all dblinks as shared
_allocate_creation_order	FALSE	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocation_update_interval	3	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_commutativity	TRUE	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_error_simulation	FALSE	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_level_without_connect_by	FALSE	allow level without connect by
_allow_read_only_corruption	FALSE	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	FALSE	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	FALSE	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	TRUE	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	FALSE	always favor use of star transformation
_app_ctx_vers	FALSE	enable app ctx versioning
_aq_tm_scanlimit	0	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_arch_corrupted_redo_log	0	Variable to simulate corruption errors during archivals
_arch_io_slaves	0	ARCH I/O slaves
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	FALSE	Enable array update vector read
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	10	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	0	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	66	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_sample_all	FALSE	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	1000	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	1048618	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_acd_chunks	1	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	TRUE	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_resilver_corruption	FALSE	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_ausize	1048576	allocation unit size
_asm_blksize	4096	metadata block size
_asm_disk_repair_time	14400	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_droptimeout	60	timeout before offlined disks get dropped (in 3s ticks)
_asm_emulmax	10000	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I/O errors
_asm_emultimeout	0	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_kfdpevent	0	KFDP event
_asm_libraries	ufs	library search order for discovery
_asm_maxio	1048576	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_skip_resize_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_stripesize	131072	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	8	ASM file stripe width
_asm_wait_time	18	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asmlib_test	0	Osmlib test event
_asmsid	asm	ASM instance id
_assm_default	TRUE	ASSM default
_async_object_flush	TRUE	if FALSE, disable asychronous object flush
_async_recovery_claims	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_avoid_prepare	TRUE	if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is local
_awr_corrupt_mode	FALSE	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_disabled_flush_tables		Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	FALSE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	FALSE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	TRUE	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_restrict_mode	FALSE	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_sql_child_limit	200	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	TRUE	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_backup_disk_io_slaves	0	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_io_pool_size	1048576	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_bufsz	0	specifies buffer size to be used for kgc compression
_backup_kgc_niters	0	specifies number of iterations used for kgc compression
_backup_kgc_type	0	specifies compression type used for kgc compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	0	number of the ksfq buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	0	size of the ksfq buffer used for backup/restore
_backup_max_gap_size	4294967294	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	8	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	104857600	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	1	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	2097152	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	0	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	262144	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	0	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	0	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file		change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	0	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	0	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_change_tracking	TRUE	change tracking possible
_blocks_per_cache_server	128	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_filter_debug	0	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	100	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_flow_control_thrsh	0	flow control threshold value
_bufq_max_msg_sz	0	maximum size of the message allowed in memory
_bufq_stop_flow_control	FALSE	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	FALSE	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	0	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_cache_stats_monitor	FALSE	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capture_buffer_size	65536	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	120	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	300	CGS send timeout value
_check_block_after_checksum	TRUE	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on
_check_ts_threshold	0	check tablespace thresholds
_cleanup_rollback_entries	100	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_close_cached_open_cursors	FALSE	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_cluster_library	clss	cluster library selection
_collapse_wait_history	FALSE	collapse wait history
_collect_undo_stats	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	0	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	FALSE	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_tracking_level	1	column usage tracking
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	16384	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	TRUE	enable complex view merging
_controlfile_block_size	0	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	FALSE	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	120	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	900	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size		control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand		control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_update_check	OFF	controlfile update sanity check
_convert_set_to_join	FALSE	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	0	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments		corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	TRUE	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cpu_to_io	0	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cr_grant_global_role	TRUE	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	AUTO	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_server_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_ctas_hwm_brokered_loads	TRUE	Enable HWM brokered CTAS
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	400	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	900	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_frame_bind_memory	FALSE	frame & bind buffer caching
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	44	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_features_enabled	2	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_plan_enabled	TRUE	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	1	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	TRUE	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_stats_bucket	15	Hash table buckets for cursor stats (2^).
_cursor_stats_heap	4	Heaps/latches for cursor stats.
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	TRUE	enable weak view checking
_db_aging_cool_count	1	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	FALSE	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	2	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	0	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	3	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	TRUE	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	0	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	TRUE	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_buffers	6986	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_clone	FALSE	Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
_db_block_cache_history	0	buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_history_level	2	buffer header tracing level
_db_block_cache_num_umap	0	number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on blocks)
_db_block_cache_protect	FALSE	protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	0	protect database blocks (for strictly internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	FALSE	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	TRUE	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	FALSE	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	16384	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	1024	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_known_clean_pct	2	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	8	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	6	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	40	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	1	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_limit	0	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_quota	10	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	4194304	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	FALSE	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	FALSE	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	FALSE	check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	3	Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch		Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_cache_advice_batch_size	128	cache advisory simulation batch size
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	4	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_crx_check	FALSE	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_pre_warm	TRUE	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max		maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_change_notification_enable	TRUE	enable db change notification
_db_fast_obj_check	FALSE	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	TRUE	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	TRUE	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	1048576	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	16	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	4	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	11	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	16	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_handles	750	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	5	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	FALSE	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_index_block_checking	TRUE	index block checking override parameter
_db_large_dirty_queue	25	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_lost_write_checking	FALSE	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_mttr_advice	ON	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	0	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	64	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target		MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	256	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	FALSE	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_obj_ckpt_ordered	FALSE	fast object checkpoint ordered by lrba
_db_obj_enable_ksr	TRUE	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	50	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	0	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	0	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	2	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest		default database recovery temporal file location
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	10	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	TRUE	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_todefer_cache_create	TRUE	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	0	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	573440	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	131072	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	TRUE	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	0	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_verify_writes	FALSE	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_dbg_proc_startup	FALSE	debug process startup
_dbwr_async_io	TRUE	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_scan_interval	300	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_tracing	0	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dead_process_scan_interval	10	PMON dead process scan interval
_dedicated_server_poll_count	10	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	0	default encryption algorithm
_default_non_equality_sel_check	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_delay_index_maintain	TRUE	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_diag_daemon	TRUE	start DIAG daemon
_diag_diagnostics	TRUE	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_timeout	30	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_dimension_skip_null	TRUE	control dimension skip when null feature
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	FALSE	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_datalayer_sampling	FALSE	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_duplex_link	TRUE	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_fast_aggregation	FALSE	fast aggregation
_disable_file_locks	FALSE	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	FALSE	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_function_based_index	FALSE	disable function-based index matching
_disable_health_check	FALSE	Disable Health Check
_disable_image_check	FALSE	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	FALSE	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	FALSE	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_instance_params_check	FALSE	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	FALSE	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	FALSE	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_32cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare & swap
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_64cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare & swap
_disable_logging	FALSE	Disable logging
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	FALSE	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	FALSE	disable odm feature
_disable_recoverable_recovery	FALSE	Disable the new recoverable recovery mechanism
_disable_recovery_read_skip	FALSE	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_sample_io_optim	FALSE	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	FALSE	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	FALSE	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	FALSE	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	TRUE	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	4294967294	disable system state dump
_disable_txn_alert	0	disable txn layer alert
_discrete_transactions_enabled	FALSE	enable OLTP mode
_dispatcher_rate_scale		scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl		time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_view_unnesting	FALSE	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	200	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_dlm_send_timeout	30000	DLM send timeout value
_dlmtrace		Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	1	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_monitoring_enabled	TRUE	enable modification monitoring
_domain_index_batch_size	2000	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	200	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_drop_table_granule	256	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	TRUE	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_ds_iocount_iosize	6553664	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_dss_cache_flush	FALSE	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dtree_area_size	131072	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_bintest_id	0	Decision Tree Binning Test ID
_dtree_compressbmp_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	1	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	FALSE	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_common_subexpressions	FALSE	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	FALSE	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	FALSE	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	120	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	5	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	0	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	TRUE	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_system_state_scope	local	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	global	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_dynamic_rls_policies	TRUE	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_stats_threshold	30	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_eliminate_common_subexpr	TRUE	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_enable_NUMA_optimization	TRUE	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	TRUE	enable block level recovery
_enable_cscn_caching	FALSE	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_default_affinity	0	to enable default implementation of affinity osds
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	TRUE	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	TRUE	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	FALSE	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_hash_overflow	FALSE	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_hwm_sync	TRUE	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_list_io	FALSE	Enable List I/O
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	FALSE	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_refresh_schedule	TRUE	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	TRUE	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rlb	TRUE	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	FALSE	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_shared_pool_durations	TRUE	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_tablespace_alerts	TRUE	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	TRUE	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	5	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	375	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	1	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	2260	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_resources	968	resources for enqueues
_expand_aggregates	TRUE	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	FALSE	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_extended_pruning_enabled	TRUE	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_fair_remote_cvt	FALSE	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	4	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_dual_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fast_start_instance_recovery_target	0	instance recovery target time in RAC environment
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	0	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	automatic	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	131072	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_max_length	20	Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
_fic_min_bmsize	1024	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fic_outofmem_candidates	FALSE	Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates Generation
_fifth_spare_parameter		fifth spare parameter - string
_filemap_dir		FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	TRUE	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_parameter		first spare parameter - integer
_fix_control		bug fix control parameter
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	FALSE	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_barrier_interval	1800	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	10	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	TRUE	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	4194304	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	20	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	0	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	100	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_size	1000	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	600	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	TRUE	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	328	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_max_log_size	0	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	2048	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	128	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	1800	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_verbose_info	FALSE	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_size_qm	4	Desired flashback write size in quarter MB
_force_datefold_trunc	FALSE	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_rewrite_enable	FALSE	control new query rewrite features
_force_temptables_for_gsets	FALSE	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_fourth_spare_parameter		fourth spare parameter - string
_full_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	TRUE	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gc_affinity_limit	50	dynamic affinity limit
_gc_affinity_minimum	6000	dynamic affinity minimum activity per minute
_gc_affinity_time	10	if non zero, enable dynamic object affinity
_gc_async_memcpy	FALSE	if TRUE, use async memcpy
_gc_check_bscn	TRUE	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_defer_time	3	how long to defer down converts for hot buffers
_gc_dissolve_undo_affinity	FALSE	if TRUE, dissolve undo affinity after an offline
_gc_dynamic_affinity_locks	TRUE	if TRUE, get dynamic affinity locks
_gc_element_percent	103	global cache element percent
_gc_global_lru	AUTO	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_initiate_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, initiate undo affinity after an online
_gc_integrity_checks	1	set the integrity check level
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, make recovery buffers current
_gc_latches	8	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_maximum_bids	0	maximum number of bids which can be prepared
_gc_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
_gc_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, enable dynamic undo affinity
_gc_undo_affinity_locks	TRUE	if TRUE, get affinity locks for undo
_gc_use_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, allow CR pins on PI and WRITING buffers
_gc_vector_read	TRUE	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gcs_fast_reconfig	TRUE	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_latches	0	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_process_in_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_resources		number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks		number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_testing	0	GCS testing parameter
_generalized_pruning_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	1	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics	TRUE	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_health_check	1	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	3	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	5000	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	TRUE	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	3	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_detection	0	Hang Management detection interval
_hard_protection	FALSE	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
_hash_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable hash join
_hash_multiblock_io_count	0	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
_high_priority_process_num_yields_before_sleep	1000	the number of yields performed by high priority processesbefore they sleep
_high_priority_processes	LMS*	High Priority Process Name Mask
_high_server_threshold	0	high server thresholds
_hj_bit_filter_threshold	50	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
_hwm_sync_threshold	10	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
_idl_conventional_index_maintenance	TRUE	enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct load
_idxrb_rowincr	100000000	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
_ignore_desc_in_index	FALSE	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
_immediate_commit_propagation	TRUE	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
_improved_outerjoin_card	TRUE	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
_improved_row_length_enabled	TRUE	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
_imr_active	TRUE	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
_imr_disk_voting_interval	3	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
_imr_max_reconfig_delay	300	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	600	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
_imr_systemload_check	TRUE	Perform the system load check during IMR
_imu_pools	3	in memory undo pools
_in_memory_undo	TRUE	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	30	Minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every 3 sec
_index_join_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of index joins
_index_prefetch_factor	100	index prefetching factor
_init_granule_interval	10	number of granules to process for deferred cache
_init_sql_file	?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
_inject_startup_fault	0	inject fault in the startup code
_inline_sql_in_plsql	FALSE	inline SQL in PL/SQL
_inquiry_retry_interval	3	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
_insert_ctas_dependency	FALSE	determines if ctas cursors insert a dependency on the base table
_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	TRUE	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
_inst_locking_period	5	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
_interconnect_checksum	TRUE	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_intrapart_pdml_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
_io_shared_pool_size	4194304	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
_io_slaves_disabled	FALSE	Do not use I/O slaves
_ior_serialize_fault	0	inject fault in the ior serialize code
_ioslave_batch_count	1	Per attempt IOs picked
_ioslave_issue_count	500	IOs issued before completion check
_ipc_fail_network	0	Simulate cluster network failer
_ipc_test_failover	0	Test transparent cluster network failover
_ipc_test_mult_nets	0	simulate multiple cluster networks
_job_queue_interval	5	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
_kcl_commit	TRUE	if TRUE, call kjbcommit
_kcl_conservative_log_flush	FALSE	if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
_kcl_debug	TRUE	if TRUE, record le history
_kcl_index_split	TRUE	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
_kcl_undo_grouping	32	grouping for undo block locks
_kcl_undo_locks	128	number of locks per undo segment
_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	FALSE	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
_keep_remote_column_size	FALSE	remote column size does not get modified
_kernel_message_network_driver	FALSE	kernel message network driver
_kffmap_hash_size	1024	size of kffmap_hash table
_kffmop_hash_size	2048	size of kffmop_hash table
_kghdsidx_count	1	max kghdsidx count
_kgl_bucket_count	9	index to the bucket count array
_kgl_fixed_extents	TRUE	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
_kgl_hash_collision	FALSE	whether KGL hash collision is possible
_kgl_heap_size	1024	extent size for library cache heap 0
_kgl_keep_cache_pct	30	KGL keep cache minimum threshold
_kgl_keep_cache_retain_pct	20	KGL keep cache retain threshold
_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	52428800	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
_kgl_latch_count	0	number of library cache latches
_kgl_multi_instance_invalidation	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance invalidations
_kgl_multi_instance_lock	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance locks
_kgl_multi_instance_pin	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance pins
_kgl_session_cached_objects	10	maximum length of the KGL object cache lru
_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	15	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
_kglsim_maxmem_percent	5	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
_kgx_latches	512	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
_kgx_spin_count	255	third spare parameter - integer
_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	TRUE	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
_kill_diagnostics_timeout	60	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
_kill_enqueue_blocker	3	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	FALSE	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
_kkdlgon_max_iter	20000	kkdlgon maximum number of iterations
_kkfi_trace	FALSE	trace expression substitution
_kks_free_cursor_stat_pct	10	percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each load, in 1/10th of a percent
_kks_use_mutex_pin	TRUE	Turning on this will make KKS use mutex for cursor pins.
_kolfuseslf	FALSE	allow kolf to use slffopen
_kql_subheap_trace	0	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
_ksb_disable_diagpid	FALSE	disable the call to ksb_diagpid
_ksb_restart_clean_time	30000	process uptime for restarts
_ksb_restart_policy_times		process restart policy times in seconds
_ksd_test_param	999	KSD test parmeter
_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	30000	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
_ksdxw_cini_flg	0	ksdxw context initialization flag
_ksdxw_nbufs	1000	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
_ksdxw_num_pgw	10	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
_ksdxw_num_sgw	10	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
_ksdxw_stack_depth	4	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
_kse_die_timeout	60000	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
_kse_pc_table_size	256	kse pc table cache size
_ksfd_verify_write	FALSE	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
_ksi_trace		KSI trace string of lock type(s)
_ksmg_granule_locking_status	1	granule locking status
_ksmg_granule_size	4194304	granule size in bytes
_ksmg_lock_check_interval		timeout action interval in minutes
_ksmg_lock_reacquire_count	5	repeat count for acquisition of locks
_ksu_diag_kill_time	5	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	FALSE	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
_ksxp_diagmode	OFF	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
_ksxp_reporting_process	LMD0	reporting process for KSXP
_ksxp_send_timeout	300	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
_ksxp_testing	0	KSXP test parameter
_ktc_debug	0	for ktc debug
_ktc_latches	0	number of ktc latches
_ktu_latches	0	number of KTU latches
_ku_trace	none	datapump trace parameter
_large_pool_min_alloc	65536	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
_last_allocation_period	5	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
_latch_class_0		latch class 0
_latch_class_1		latch class 1
_latch_class_2		latch class 2
_latch_class_3		latch class 3
_latch_class_4		latch class 4
_latch_class_5		latch class 5
_latch_class_6		latch class 6
_latch_class_7		latch class 7
_latch_classes		latch classes override
_latch_miss_stat_sid	0	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
_latch_recovery_alignment	998	align latch recovery structures
_ldr_io_size	262144	size of write IOs used during a load operation
_left_nested_loops_random	TRUE	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
_lgwr_async_broadcasts	TRUE	LGWR Asynchronous Broadcasts enabling boolean flag
_lgwr_async_io	FALSE	LGWR Asynchronous IO enabling boolean flag
_lgwr_delay_write	FALSE	LGWR write delay for debugging
_lgwr_io_slaves	0	LGWR I/O slaves
_lgwr_max_ns_wt	1	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
_lgwr_ns_nl_max	1000	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_nl_min	500	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
_lgwr_ta_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
_library_cache_advice	TRUE	whether KGL advice should be turned on
_lightweight_hdrs	TRUE	Lightweight headers for redo
_like_with_bind_as_equality	FALSE	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
_lm_activate_lms_threshold	100	threshold value to activate an additional lms
_lm_better_ddvictim	TRUE	GES better deadlock victim
_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	0	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
_lm_cache_res_cleanup	25	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
_lm_cache_res_type	TMHWDI	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
_lm_checksum_batch_msg	FALSE	GES checksum batch messages
_lm_contiguous_res_count	128	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
_lm_dd_interval	60	dd time interval in seconds
_lm_dd_max_search_time	180	max dd search time per token
_lm_dd_scan_interval	5	dd scan interval in seconds
_lm_dd_search_cnt	3	number of dd search per token get
_lm_drm_max_requests	100	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
_lm_drm_window	0	dynamic remastering bucket window size
_lm_drm_xlatch	0	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
_lm_dynamic_lms	FALSE	dynamic lms invocation
_lm_dynamic_load	TRUE	dynamic load adjustment
_lm_dynamic_remastering	FALSE	if TRUE enables dynamic remastering
_lm_enq_lock_freelist		Number of ges enqueue element freelist
_lm_enq_rcfg	TRUE	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
_lm_enqueue_freelist	3	Number of enqueue freelist
_lm_file_affinity		mapping between file id and master instance number
_lm_global_posts	TRUE	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
_lm_lmd_waittime	8	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
_lm_lms	0	number of background gcs server processes to start
_lm_lms_waittime	8	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
_lm_locks	12000	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
_lm_master_weight	1	master resource weight for this instance
_lm_max_lms	0	max. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_min_lms	0	min. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_msg_batch_size	0	GES batch message size
_lm_msg_cache_thresholds		GES message buffer caching threshold
_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	3000	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
_lm_node_join_opt	FALSE	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
_lm_non_fault_tolerant	FALSE	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
_lm_num_pcmhv_latches	0	number of latches covering the PCM HV buckets in cgs
_lm_num_pt_buckets	4096	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
_lm_num_pt_latches	128	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
_lm_postevent_buffer_size	256	postevent buffer size
_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	300	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
_lm_process_batching	TRUE	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
_lm_procs	320	number of client processes configured for cluster database
_lm_rcfg_timeout	180000	Reconfiguration timeout
_lm_rcv_buffer_size	32768	the size of receive buffer
_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	200	receiver hang allow time in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	60	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	FALSE	to kill receiver hang
_lm_res_hash_bucket	0	number of resource hash buckets
_lm_res_part	128	number of resource partition configured for gcs
_lm_ress	6000	number of resources configured for cluster database
_lm_send_buffers	10000	number of cluster database send buffers
_lm_send_mode	auto	GES send mode
_lm_send_queue_batching	TRUE	GES send queue message batching
_lm_send_queue_length	5000	GES send queue maximum length
_lm_sendproxy_reserve	25	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
_lm_share_lock_opt	FALSE	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
_lm_sq_batch_factor	2	GES send queue minimum batching factor
_lm_sq_batch_type	auto	GES send queue batching mechanism
_lm_sq_batch_waittick	3	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
_lm_sync_timeout		Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
_lm_ticket_active_sendback		Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
_lm_tickets	1000	GES messaging tickets
_lm_tx_delta	16	TX lock localization delta
_lm_validate_resource_type	FALSE	if TRUE enables resource name validation
_lm_xids	352	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
_load_without_compile	NONE	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
_local_communication_costing_enabled	TRUE	enable local communication costing when TRUE
_local_communication_ratio	50	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
_lock_sga_areas	0	Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	TRUE	log archive avoid memcpy
_log_archive_buffer_size	2048	Size of each archival buffer in log file blocks
_log_archive_buffers	10	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
_log_archive_callout		archival callout
_log_archive_compress_enable	FALSE	Bypass database rules for enabling archivelog compression
_log_archive_delta_sync_wait	0	iterative sleep time in centiseconds seconds when SYNC=PARALLEL
_log_archive_net_timeout	0	maximum network wait time in seconds when SYNC=PARALLEL
_log_archive_network_redo_size	10	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	FALSE	log archive protection auto demotion
_log_archive_security_enabled	TRUE	log archive security enabled
_log_blocks_during_backup	TRUE	log block images when changed during backup
_log_buffers_corrupt	FALSE	corrupt redo buffers before write
_log_buffers_debug	FALSE	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	0	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
_log_committime_block_cleanout	FALSE	Log commit-time block cleanout
_log_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	debug redo multi instance code
_log_deletion_policy	mandatory	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
_log_event_queues	0	number of the log writer event queues
_log_io_size	0	automatically initiate log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
_log_parallelism	1	Number of log buffer strands
_log_parallelism_dynamic	TRUE	Enable dynamic strands
_log_parallelism_max	1	Maximum number of log buffer strands
_log_private_mul	5	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
_log_private_parallelism	FALSE	Number of private log buffer strands for zero-copy redo
_log_private_parallelism_mul	10	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
_log_simultaneous_copies	2	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
_log_space_errors	TRUE	should we report space errors to alert log
_log_switch_timeout	0	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
_logout_storm_rate	0	number of processes that can logout in a second
_logout_storm_retrycnt	600	maximum retry count for logouts
_logout_storm_timeout	5	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
_longops_enabled	TRUE	longops stats enabled
_low_server_threshold	0	low server thresholds
_master_direct_sends	31	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
_mav_refresh_consistent_read	TRUE	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	FALSE	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
_mav_refresh_opt	0	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	3	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
_max_arch_lns_wait	120	Maximum wait by ARCH to allow NetServer to complete archival
_max_exponential_sleep	0	max sleep during exponential backoff
_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	30	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
_max_protocol_support	10000	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
_max_rfs_connections	0	maximum number of connections used for remote archival
_max_shrink_obj_stats	0	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
_max_sleep_holding_latch	4	max time to sleep while holding a latch
_media_recovery_read_batch	128	media recovery block read batch
_media_recovery_reap_time	3	media recovery reap time
_mem_annotation_pr_lev	0	private memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_scale	1	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
_mem_annotation_sh_lev	0	shared memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_store	FALSE	memory annotation in-memory store
_mem_std_extent_size	4096	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	5	memory broker num stat entries
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	10	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	4	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	15	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	60000000	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
_memory_broker_stat_interval	30	memory broker statistics gathering interval
_memory_management_tracing	0	trace memory management activity
_memory_sanity_check	0	partial granule sanity check
_messages	300	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
_minfree_plus	0	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
_minimal_stats_aggregation	TRUE	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	0	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
_minimum_extents_to_shrink	1	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
_minimum_giga_scn	0	Minimum SCN to start with in 2^30 units
_mirror_redo_buffers	FALSE	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
_multi_join_key_table_lookup	TRUE	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
_multiple_instance_recovery	FALSE	use multiple instances for media recovery
_mv_refresh_ana	0	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
_mv_refresh_costing	rule	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	10	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
_mv_refresh_eut	TRUE	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	0	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	FALSE	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	10	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an index rebuild
_mv_refresh_selections	TRUE	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
_mv_refresh_use_stats	FALSE	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
_mv_refsched_timeincr	300000	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
_mv_rolling_inv	FALSE	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
_mwin_schedule	TRUE	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
_nchar_imp_cnv	TRUE	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
_nchar_imp_conv	TRUE	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
_ncmb_readahead_enabled	0	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
_ncmb_readahead_tracing	0	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
_nested_loop_fudge	100	nested loop fudge
_nested_mav_fast_oncommit_enabled	TRUE	nested MAV refresh fast on commit allowed
_new_initial_join_orders	TRUE	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
_new_sort_cost_estimate	TRUE	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
_newsort_enabled	TRUE	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
_newsort_ordered_pct	63	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
_newsort_type	0	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
_no_objects	FALSE	no object features are used
_no_or_expansion	FALSE	OR expansion during optimization disabled
_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	FALSE	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
_notify_crs	FALSE	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
_ns_max_flush_wt	1	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
_ns_max_send_delay	15	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
_num_longop_child_latches	1	number of child latches for long op array
_number_cached_attributes	10	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
_object_reuse_bast	2	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
_object_statistics	TRUE	enable the object level statistics collection
_offline_rollback_segments		offline undo segment list
_ogms_home		GMS home directory
_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	1048576	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
_olap_aggregate_flags	0	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
_olap_aggregate_function_merge_threshold	529	OLAP Aggregate function merge threshold
_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	5000	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	1024	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	64	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	FALSE	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	1024	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
_olap_aggregate_store_probability	100	OLAP Aggregate function storeback probability
_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	1024	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	5000	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	%8p %8y %8z %e (%n)	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	Dim Source Basis %-8d %-8s %-8b Description -------- -------- -------- -----------	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
_olap_continuous_trace_file	FALSE	Specify TRUE to enable continuous OLAP tracing - otherwise only exceptional events will be logged
_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	FALSE	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_dimension_corehash_class	1	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Class
_olap_dimension_corehash_max	10000	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Size
_olap_eif_export_lob_size	2147483647	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
_olap_lmgen_dim_size	100	Limitmap generator dimension column size
_olap_lmgen_meas_size	1000	Limitmap generator measure column size
_olap_object_hash_class	2	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	20	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
_olap_page_pool_hi	50	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
_olap_page_pool_hit_target	100	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
_olap_page_pool_low	262144	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
_olap_page_pool_pressure	90	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	50	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
_olap_parallel_update_small_group	400	OLAP parallel update pagespace by group
_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
_olap_parallel_update_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
_olap_poutlog_echo_to_eventlog	FALSE	OLAP POutLog copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_sesscache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Session Cache knob
_olap_sort_buffer_size	262144	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
_olap_statbool_corebits	20000000	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
_olap_statbool_threshold	8100	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
_olap_table_function_statistics	FALSE	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
_olap_wrap_errors	FALSE	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
_olapi_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi history retention
_olapi_iface_object_history	1000	enable olapi interface object history collection
_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface object history retention
_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface operation history retention
_olapi_interface_operation_history	1000	enable olapi interface operation history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history	1000	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	0	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi memory operation history retention
_olapi_session_history	300	enable olapi session history collection
_olapi_session_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi session history retention
_old_connect_by_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable old connect by
_ols_cleanup_task	TRUE	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
_omf	enabled	enable/disable OMF
_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	TRUE	adjust stats for skews across partitions
_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	TRUE	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	TRUE	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
_optim_new_default_join_sel	TRUE	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
_optim_peek_user_binds	TRUE	enable peeking of user binds
_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	TRUE	adjust selectivity for null values
_optimizer_autostats_job	TRUE	enable/disable auto stats collection job
_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	ALL	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
_optimizer_block_size	8192	standard block size used by optimizer
_optimizer_cache_stats	FALSE	cost with cache statistics
_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	TRUE	optimizer cartesian join enabled
_optimizer_cbqt_factor	50	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	TRUE	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
_optimizer_ceil_cost	TRUE	CEIL cost in CBO
_optimizer_choose_permutation	0	force the optimizer to use the specified permutation
_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	TRUE	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
_optimizer_compute_index_stats	TRUE	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	TRUE	combine no filtering connect by and start with
_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based transformation for connect by
_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	TRUE	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	LINEAR	enables cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	FALSE	enables costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	TRUE	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
_optimizer_cost_model	CHOOSE	optimizer cost model
_optimizer_degree	0	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	TRUE	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	0	disable star transformation sanity checks
_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	32	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	FALSE	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	TRUE	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	UDO	optimizer extended cursor sharing
_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	10	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
_optimizer_ignore_hints	FALSE	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
_optimizer_invalidation_period	18000	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	TRUE	optimizer join elimination enabled
_optimizer_join_order_control	3	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	TRUE	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
_optimizer_max_permutations	2000	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	10	set minimum cached blocks
_optimizer_mjc_enabled	TRUE	enable merge join cartesian
_optimizer_mode_force	TRUE	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
_optimizer_multiple_cenv		generate and run plans using several compilation environments
_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	off	execute full outer join using native implementaion
_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	TRUE	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
_optimizer_or_expansion	DEPTH	control or expansion approach used
_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	TRUE	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	TRUE	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	TRUE	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
_optimizer_percent_parallel	101	optimizer percent parallel
_optimizer_push_down_distinct	0	push down distinct from query block to table
_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
_optimizer_random_plan	0	optimizer seed value for random plans
_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	10	Default value to use for rownum bind
_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	TRUE	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
_optimizer_save_stats	TRUE	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
_optimizer_search_limit	5	optimizer search limit
_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	FALSE	account for self-induced caching
_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index skip scan
_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	FALSE	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join method
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
_optimizer_squ_bottomup	TRUE	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	TRUE	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	0	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	0	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
_optimizer_starplan_enabled	TRUE	optimizer star plan enabled
_optimizer_system_stats_usage	TRUE	system statistics usage
_optimizer_trace	none	optimizer trace parameter
_optimizer_transitivity_retain	TRUE	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
_optimizer_undo_changes	FALSE	undo changes to query optimizer
_optimizer_undo_cost_change	10.2.0.4	optimizer undo cost change
_optimizer_use_histograms	TRUE	Controls whether to use histograms
_optimizer_use_subheap	TRUE	Enables physical optimizer subheap
_or_expand_nvl_predicate	TRUE	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
_oradbg_pathname		path of oradbg script
_oradebug_force	FALSE	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
_ordered_nested_loop	TRUE	enable ordered nested loop costing
_ordered_semijoin	TRUE	enable ordered semi-join subquery
_os_sched_high_priority	1	OS high priority level
_other_wait_event_exclusion		exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
_other_wait_threshold	0	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
_outline_bitmap_tree	TRUE	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
_parallel_adaptive_max_users	2	maximum number of users running with default DOP
_parallel_broadcast_enabled	TRUE	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
_parallel_default_max_instances	1	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
_parallel_execution_message_align	FALSE	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
_parallel_fake_class_pct	0	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	1000	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
_parallel_load_bal_unit	0	number of threads to allocate per instance
_parallel_load_balancing	TRUE	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
_parallel_min_message_pool	206208	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
_parallel_recovery_stopat	32767	stop at -position- to step through SMON
_parallel_replay_msg_limit	4000	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
_parallel_server_idle_time	30000	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
_parallel_server_sleep_time	10	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	1	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
_parallel_txn_global	FALSE	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	350	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
_parameter_table_block_size	1024	parameter table block size
_partial_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
_partition_view_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable partitioned views
_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	900	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	TRUE	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
_pdml_gim_sampling	5000	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
_pdml_gim_staggered	FALSE	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
_pdml_slaves_diff_part	TRUE	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	50	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
_pga_large_extent_size	1048576	PGA large extent size
_pga_max_size	209715200	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
_ping_level	3	fusion ping level
_pkt_enable	FALSE	enable progressive kill test
_pkt_pmon_interval	50	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
_pkt_start	FALSE	start progressive kill test instrumention
_plan_outline_data	TRUE	explain plan outline data enabled
_plsql_anon_block_code_type	INTERPRETED	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
_plsql_cache_enable	TRUE	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
_plsql_dump_buffer_events		conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	20	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
_plsql_nvl_optimize	FALSE	PL/SQL NVL optimize
_pmon_load_constants	300,192,64,3,10,10,0,0	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
_pre_rewrite_push_pred	TRUE	push predicates into views before rewrite
_precompute_gid_values	TRUE	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
_pred_move_around	TRUE	enables predicate move-around
_predicate_elimination_enabled	TRUE	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
_prescomm	FALSE	presume commit of IMU transactions
_print_refresh_schedule	false	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
_private_memory_address		Start address of large extent memory segment
_project_view_columns	TRUE	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
_projection_pushdown	TRUE	projection pushdown
_projection_pushdown_debug	0	level for projection pushdown debugging
_push_join_predicate	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
_push_join_union_view	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
_push_join_union_view2	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
_px_async_getgranule	FALSE	asynchronous get granule in the slave
_px_bind_peek_sharing	TRUE	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	100	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
_px_buffer_ttl	30	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
_px_compilation_debug	0	debug level for parallel compilation
_px_compilation_trace	0	tracing level for parallel compilation
_px_dynamic_opt	TRUE	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_dynamic_sample_size	50	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_granule_size	100000	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_index_sampling	200	parallel query sampling for index create (100000 = 100%)
_px_kxib_tracing	0	turn on kxib tracing
_px_load_publish_interval	200	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
_px_loc_msg_cost	1000	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
_px_max_granules_per_slave	100	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_min_granules_per_slave	13	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_minus_intersect	TRUE	enables pq for minus/interect operators
_px_net_msg_cost	10000	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
_px_no_granule_sort	FALSE	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
_px_no_stealing	FALSE	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
_px_nss_planb	TRUE	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
_px_proc_constrain	TRUE	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
_px_pwg_enabled	TRUE	parallel partition wise group by enabled
_px_rownum_pd	TRUE	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
_px_send_timeout	300	IPC message send timeout value in seconds
_px_slaves_share_cursors	0	slaves share cursors with QC
_px_trace	none	px trace parameter
_px_ual_serial_input	TRUE	enables new pq for UNION operators
_px_xtgranule_size	10000	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
_qa_control	0	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
_qa_lrg_type	0	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
_query_cost_rewrite	TRUE	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
_query_execution_cache_max_size	65536	max size of query execution cache
_query_rewrite_1	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
_query_rewrite_2	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
_query_rewrite_drj	TRUE	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
_query_rewrite_expression	TRUE	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
_query_rewrite_fpc	TRUE	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
_query_rewrite_fudge	90	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	TRUE	mv rewrite with jg migration
_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	257	query rewrite max disjuncts
_query_rewrite_or_error	FALSE	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	TRUE	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	TRUE	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
_rcfg_disable_verify	FALSE	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_replay	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_verify	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
_real_time_apply_arch_delay	0	Archival delay with real time apply
_real_time_apply_sim	0	Simulation value with real time apply
_realfree_heap_max_size	32768	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
_realfree_heap_mode	0	mode flags for real-free heap
_realfree_heap_pagesize_hint	65536	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	50	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
_recovery_asserts	FALSE	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
_recovery_percentage	50	recovery buffer cache percentage
_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	FALSE	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
_recovery_verify_writes	FALSE	enable thread recovery write verify
_recursive_imu_transactions	FALSE	recursive transactions may be IMU
_redo_compatibility_check	FALSE	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
_release_insert_threshold	5	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
_reliable_block_sends	FALSE	if TRUE, block sends across interconnect are reliable
_remove_aggr_subquery	TRUE	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
_resource_manager_always_on	TRUE	enable the resource manager always
_restore_spfile		restore spfile to this location
_reuse_index_loop	5	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
_right_outer_hash_enable	TRUE	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
_rm_numa_sched_enable	FALSE	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	0	number of cpus per PG for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	0	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
_rman_io_priority	3	priority at which rman backup i/o's are done
_rollback_segment_count	0	number of undo segments
_rollback_segment_initial	1	starting undo segment number
_rollback_stopat	0	stop at -position to step rollback
_row_cache_cursors	20	number of cached cursors for row cache management
_row_cr	TRUE	enable row cr for all sql
_row_locking	always	row-locking
_row_shipping_explain	FALSE	enable row shipping explain plan support
_row_shipping_threshold	80	row shipping column selection threshold
_rowsource_execution_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	128	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
_rowsrc_trace_level	0	Row source tree tracing level
_sample_rows_per_block	4	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
_scatter_gcs_resources	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_scatter_gcs_shadows	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_second_spare_parameter		second spare parameter - integer
_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	TRUE	control rewrite self-join algorithm
_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	3	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
_selftune_checkpointing_lag	300	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
_send_ast_to_foreground	TRUE	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
_send_close_with_block	TRUE	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
_send_requests_to_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
_serial_direct_read	FALSE	enable direct read in serial
_serial_recovery	FALSE	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
_serializable	FALSE	serializable
_session_cached_instantiations	60	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
_session_context_size	10000	session app context size
_session_idle_bit_latches	0	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
_session_idle_check_interval	60	Resource Manager session idle limit check interval in seconds
_session_kept_cursor_pins	0	Number of cursors pins to keep in a session
_session_wait_history	10	enable session wait history collection
_seventh_spare_parameter		seventh spare parameter - string list
_shared_pool_max_size	0	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_minsize_on	FALSE	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	4400	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
_shared_pool_reserved_pct	5	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
_shared_server_spare_param1		_shared_server_spare_param1
_shared_server_spare_param2		_shared_server_spare_param2
_shared_server_spare_param3		_shared_server_spare_param3
_short_stack_timeout_ms	30000	short stack timeout in ms
_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	60	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
_shrunk_aggs_enabled	TRUE	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
_side_channel_batch_size	200	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
_side_channel_batch_timeout	6	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	500	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
_simple_view_merging	TRUE	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
_simulator_bucket_mindelta	8192	LRU bucket minimum delta
_simulator_internal_bound	10	simulator internal bound percent
_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	2	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	10240	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
_simulator_lru_scan_count	8	LRU scan count
_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	16	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
_simulator_reserved_heap_count	4096	simulator reserved heap count
_simulator_reserved_obj_count	1024	simulator reserved object count
_simulator_sampling_factor	2	sampling factor for the simulator
_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	2	upper bound multiple of pool size
_single_process	FALSE	run without detached processes
_sixth_spare_parameter		sixth spare parameter - string list
_skgxp_reaping	1000	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	0	time in minutes before idle ach's are reaped
_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	1000	ach hiwat mark warning interval
_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	60	time in seconds between interface detection checks
_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	300	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	0	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	FALSE	enable UDP long message protection
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	1024	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	5	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
_skip_assume_msg	TRUE	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
_slave_mapping_enabled	TRUE	enable slave mapping when TRUE
_slave_mapping_group_size	0	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
_small_table_threshold	139	threshold level of table size for direct reads
_smm_advice_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
_smm_advice_log_size	0	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_auto_cost_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_auto_max_io_size	248	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_min_io_size	56	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_bound	0	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_control	0	provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_freeable_retain	5120	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
_smm_isort_cap	102400	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
_smm_max_size	3276	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_min_size	128	minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_px_max_size	8192	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_retain_size	0	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
_smm_trace	0	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smon_internal_errlimit	100	limit of SMON internal errors
_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	10	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
_smu_debug_mode	0	<debug-flag> - set debug event for testing SMU operations
_smu_error_simulation_site	0	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
_smu_error_simulation_type	0	error type for error simulation in KTU code
_smu_timeouts		comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	0	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
_sort_multiblock_read_count	2	multi-block read count for sort
_spin_count	1	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
_spr_max_rules	10000	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
_spr_push_pred_refspr	TRUE	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
_spr_use_AW_AS	TRUE	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
_spr_use_hash_table	FALSE	use hash table for spreadsheet
_sql_connect_capability_override	0	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
_sql_connect_capability_table		SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
_sql_hash_debug	0	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
_sql_model_unfold_forloops	RUN_TIME	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
_sqlexec_progression_cost	1000	sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
_sqltune_category_parsed	DEFAULT	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
_sta_control	0	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
_stack_guard_level	0	stack guard level
_static_backgrounds		static backgrounds
_stn_trace	0	SQL tracing parameter
_streams_pool_max_size	0	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	20	subquery pruning cost factor
_subquery_pruning_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	FALSE	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_reduction	50	subquery pruning reduction factor
_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	FALSE	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
_swrf_mmon_dbfus	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
_swrf_mmon_flush	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
_swrf_mmon_metrics	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
_swrf_on_disk_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
_swrf_test_action	0	test action parameter for SWRF
_swrf_test_dbfus	FALSE	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
_synonym_repoint_tracing	FALSE	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
_sysaux_test_param	1	test parameter for SYSAUX
_system_index_caching	0	optimizer percent system index caching
_system_trig_enabled	TRUE	are system triggers enabled
_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	20	LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
_table_lookup_prefetch_size	40	table lookup prefetch vector size
_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	2	table lookup prefetch threshold
_table_scan_cost_plus_one	TRUE	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	90	target rba max log lag percentage
_tdb_debug_mode	16	set debug mode for testing transportable database
_temp_tran_block_threshold	100	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
_temp_tran_cache	TRUE	determines if temp table is created with cache option
_test_ksusigskip	5	test the function ksusigskip
_test_param_1	25	test parmeter 1 - integer
_test_param_2		test parameter 2 - string
_test_param_3		test parameter 3 - string
_test_param_4		test parameter 4 - string list
_test_param_5	25	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
_test_param_6	0	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
_third_spare_parameter		third spare parameter - integer
_threshold_alerts_enable	1	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
_total_large_extent_memory	0	Total memory for allocating large extents
_tq_dump_period	0	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
_trace_archive	FALSE	start DIAG process
_trace_buffer_flushes	FALSE	trace buffer flushes if otrace cacheIO event is set
_trace_buffer_gets	FALSE	trace kcb buffer gets if otrace cacheIO event is set
_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	0	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
_trace_buffer_wrap_timestamp	TRUE	enable KST timestamp on trace buffer wrap
_trace_buffers	ALL:256	trace buffer sizes per process
_trace_cr_buffer_creates	FALSE	trace cr buffer creates if otrace cacheIO event is set
_trace_events		trace events enabled at startup
_trace_file_size	65536	maximum size of trace file (in bytes)
_trace_files_public	FALSE	Create publicly accessible trace files
_trace_flush_processes	ALL	trace data archived by DIAG for these processes
_trace_multi_block_reads	FALSE	trace multi_block reads if otrace cacheIO event is set
_trace_navigation_scope	global	enabling trace navigation linking
_trace_options	text,multiple	trace data flush options
_trace_pin_time	0	trace how long a current pin is held
_trace_processes	ALL	enable KST tracing in process
_transaction_auditing	TRUE	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
_transaction_recovery_servers	0	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
_truncate_optimization_enabled	TRUE	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
_tsm_connect_string		TSM test connect string
_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	1	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	FALSE	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
_two_pass	TRUE	enable two-pass thread recovery
_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	TRUE	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
_uga_cga_large_extent_size	262144	UGA/CGA large extent size
_ultrafast_latch_statistics	TRUE	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
_undo_autotune	TRUE	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
_undo_debug_mode	0	debug flag for undo related operations
_undo_debug_usage	0	invoke undo usage functions for testing
_union_rewrite_for_gs	YES_GSET_MVS	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
_unnest_subquery	TRUE	enables unnesting of correlated subqueries
_unused_block_compression	TRUE	enable unused block compression
_use_column_stats_for_function	TRUE	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
_use_ism	TRUE	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
_use_ism_for_pga	TRUE	Use ISM for allocating large extents
_use_nosegment_indexes	FALSE	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
_use_realfree_heap	TRUE	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
_use_seq_process_cache	TRUE	whether to use process local seq cache
_use_vector_post	TRUE	use vector post
_validate_flashback_database	FALSE	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
_vendor_lib_loc		Vendor library search root directory
_verify_flashback_redo	TRUE	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
_verify_undo_quota	FALSE	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
_very_large_partitioned_table	1024	very_large_partitioned_table
_wait_for_sync	TRUE	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
_walk_insert_threshold	0	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
_watchpoint_on	FALSE	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
_wcr_control	0	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
_windowfunc_optimization_settings	0	settings for window function optimizations
_write_clones	3	write clones flag
_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	8192	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
_xpl_trace	0	Explain Plan tracing parameter
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	20	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	PRED_AND_RC	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
_xsolapi_debug_output		OLAP API debug output disposition
_xsolapi_densify_cubes	TABULAR	OLAP API cube densification
_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	OVERFETCH	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
_xsolapi_fetch_type	PARTIAL	OLAP API fetch type
_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	FALSE	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	unique	OLAP API hierarchy value type
_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	NEVER	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	1	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
_xsolapi_materialize_sources	TRUE	OLAP API Enable source materialization
_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	ALL	OLAP API metadata reader mode
_xsolapi_odbo_mode	FALSE	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	TRUE	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	TRUE	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	TRUE	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
_xsolapi_set_nls	TRUE	OLAP API sets NLS?
_xsolapi_share_executors	TRUE	OLAP API share executors?
_xsolapi_source_trace	FALSE	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints		OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints		OLAP API non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	FALSE	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	TRUE	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints		OLAP API dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW join?
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
_xsolapi_sql_hints		OLAP API generic hints
_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints		OLAP API measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	1000	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
_xsolapi_sql_optimize	TRUE	OLAP API enable optimization
_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	16	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	TRUE	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	32	OLAP API result set cache size
_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	TRUE	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints		OLAP API top dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints		OLAP API top measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	TRUE	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	FALSE	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	1000	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	4000	OLAP API suppression chunk size
_xsolapi_use_models	TRUE	OLAP API uses models?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	FALSE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
_xt_coverage	none	external tables code coverage parameter
_xt_trace	none	external tables trace parameter
_xtbuffer_size	0	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
_xtts_allow_pre10	FALSE	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
_xtts_set_platform_info	FALSE	set cross platform info during file header read
_yield_check_interval	100000	interval to check whether actses should yield